Atypical Presentation of Ocular Toxoplasmosis with Exudative Retinal Detachment (TOOAJ)- Lupine Publishers

 

Atypical Presentation of Ocular Toxoplasmosis with Exudative Retinal Detachment by Priyanka in TOOAJ- Lupine Publishers

Subretinal fluid, a common clinical pathological entity, is seen in a variety of ocular disorders. Though inflammation is associated with the development of subretinal fluid, toxoplasmosis is an unusual causative agent. A 54 year old lady presented with atypical ocular findings of exudative retinal detachment due to toxoplasmosis. The diagnosis was misinterpreted first as sarcoidosis based on HRCT chest picture, later on diagnosed as ocular toxoplasmosis on correlating clinical presentation, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings and serology. Patient was managed with a combination of oral anti Toxoplasma drugs, and oral corticosteroids.

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Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy Within The Spectrum of Pachychoroid Disease (TOOAJ)- Lupine Publishers

Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy Within The Spectrum of Pachychoroid Disease by Di Carlo E in TOOAJ- Lupine Publishers 

Pachychoroid neovasculopathy is a relatively new retinal disease, characterized by the presence of Type 1 choroidal neovascularization associated with signs of increased choroidal thickening and hyperpermeability. The latter features are distinctive of pachychoroid spectrum disease, which also includes pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. These pathologies share common features, such as choroidal vascular disfunction, abnormalities of the retinal pigment epithelium without showing typical characteristics of age related macular degeneration and, occasionally, choroidal new vessels. Many recent works have tried to analyze the main aspects of pachychoroid neovasculopathy with the aim to better understand the natural course and the proper management of the disease. Multimodal imaging modality, with the recent advent of the optical coherence tomography angiography, plays a fundamental role to help the physicians to distinguish choroidal neovascularization in pachychoroid disease from neovascular age related macular degeneration. In this review, we summarize the latest updates in the pathogenesis, clinical features, and advances in imaging multimodalities in order to delineate a clearer description of the pachychoroid neovasculopathy. Finally, we propose recommendation guidelines for the diagnosis and management of this relatively new clinical entity. Nevertheless, larger studies and clinical trials are needed to achieve standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities.

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http://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/fulltext/pachychoroid-neovasculopathy-within-the-spectrum-of-pachychoroid-disease.ID.000111.php
http://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/pdf/TOOAJ.MS.ID.000111.pdf

Bilateral Retinal Detachment after Implantable Collamer Lens Surgery (TOOAJ)- Lupine Publishers

 

Bilateral Retinal Detachment after Implantable Collamer Lens Surgery by Mohamad Rosman in (TOOAJ)- Lupine Publishers

A 46-year-old man, with moderate myopia, underwent Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) surgery in both eyes on different dates. In the post-operative period, both of his eyes sustained the complication of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD). After RD in the first eye, prophylactic 360-degree laser photocoagulation was performed on the second eye pre-operatively to hopefully reduce the risk of RD. This did not prevent RD from developing in this eye as well. RD is a potential complication of ICL surgery and all patients, regardless of degree of myopia, should be counselled about the risk pre-operatively. It will be prudent to monitor patients closely in the post-operative period, to detect this potential complication early. With subsequent early intervention, patients can have a good final visual outcome.

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http://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/pdf/TOOAJ.MS.ID.000110.pdf 

Opthalmology and Optometric Studies (TOOAJ)- Lupine Publishers

Opthalmology and Optometric Studies by Cuc Antonín Ing in (TOOAJ)- Lupine Publishers

I have no Doubt, so in the Medical Branch Ophthalmology there many repeated similar situation with Decision making - and It be very supporting - when on this specific Tasks to keep human abilities to vision well - could be solved more better - with sharing the best medical experiences from the best Ophthalmology Clinics of the world (OECD). I have for your medical branch only a view notices -the Encyclopedic Medical Literature has concept in a content with false priorities for Practical usage. It should be organized with differenced structure coherent to education in Ophthalmology a Ground for Home amateur. for Medical students - and then other parts with explanations aspects to regards 120 very frequential and risky Ophthalmology Diagnoses. since to detection first serious aspects always with possibilities of some prevency in Family Life for your Children, for your members in Gerent Age, and when we should immediately going to Ophthalmology Ambulancy. When we are informed about distributions of some serious eyes diseases. we could recognize some local clever Life styles and Eyes-regularly exercises in home self rehabilitation to efficiency Home prevency some diseases of Visions.

http://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/fulltext/ophthalmology-and-optometric-studies.ID.000109.php 

http://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/pdf/TOOAJ.MS.ID.000109.pdf

Sequential Endogenous Endophthalmitis (TOOAJ)- Lupine Publishers

Sequential Endogenous Endophthalmitis by Sid A Schechet in TOOAJ- Lupine Publishers

This report describes an unusual case of culture-proven bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to an underlying psoas abscess in a 54 year old male. The patient first was found to have endophthalmitis in the left eye, and, in spite of being on the appropriate intravenous antibiotics, he subsequently developed endophthalmitis in the right eye two days later. With timely treatment and close communication with the primary team, the patient recovered with a successful visual outcome.

http://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/fulltext/sequential-endogenous-endophthalmitis.ID.000107
 

http://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/pdf/TOOAJ.MS.ID.000107.pdf

Contact Lens Materials and Modalities (TOOAJ)- Lupine Publishers

Contact Lens Materials and Modalities by Phani Krishna Athreya M in TOOAJ- Lupine Publishers

Past two decades have seen a steep rise in the usage of contact lenses and that brought a major revolution in the materials research, design and manufacturing technologies. This also impacted the optometrists thus influencing the patient usage, modalities and duration. The current article briefs the changes in the field of contact lenses and the changing trends.Contact lens materials and its manufacturing, wearing modalities and changing trends in prescribing them were identified, reviewed and summarized as per the topic requirements from scientific papers, authentic articles, books and websites to cover the challenges our ancestors have faced and the solutions that were provided in the past were summarized for the reader in an easy accessible way.Newer generation of contact lens materials made an average contact lens wearer comfortable by wearing lenses for longer hours without discomfort and with minimal complications. Due to the advent of newer lens materials, practitioners have been given more options for choosing a best suited lens based on specific wearer requirements and needs. In this way, newly available materials and designs make the lens wear safer and less prone to complications by shifting the patient from conventional to planned replacement lenses (PRL) and from PRL to daily disposables to ensure a healthy and safer vision.

http://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/fulltext/contact-lens-materials-and-modalities.ID.000106.php 

http://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/pdf/TOOAJ.MS.ID.000106.pdf

Implication of Intrinsic Intraocular Risk Factors at Ocular Blood Flow to Primary Glaucoma (TOOAJ)- Lupine Publishers

Implication of Intrinsic Intraocular Risk Factors at Ocular Blood Flow to Primary Glaucoma by Edward Ath Skoufis TOOAJ- Lupine Publishers

 To assess the implication of intrinsic intraocular risk factors at ocular blood flow (OBF) to primary glaucoma (POAG).In a retrospective control study included 51 consecutive patients, mean age 50, 5±7, in follow-up 2008-2012 divided in control group (CG) 15 patients without POAG, group A (GRA) 15 patients with POAG, group B (GRB) 21 patients with POAG, 9 of them with disc hemorrhage (DH) and 12 with peripapillary atrophy (PPA). We performed baseline glaucoma examination including monitoring pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBFA), pulse amplitude (PA), central corneal thickness (CCT), OCT and visual field (VF) examination. Exclusion criteria: Previous ocular trauma and surgery, pathologies with evident VD. Paired T-test and linear regressions used for statistical analysis.Our findings indicated a strong correlation between OBFA, IOP and an interrelation between POAG and intrinsic risk factors, DH and PPA (P=0,001). In GRB versus CG,GRA POBF were very sensible and fluctuated depending on the intraocular VD.CCT and IOP changes (P=0,002), showed the abnormality auto regulation(r=0,650). In GRB the POBF and PA were lower ≥8% than other subgroups (P<0,001). LATANOPROST with IOP reduction from baseline 30, 8%, POBF improved 16,6%, PA 10% was the best therapy in GRA. In GRB the switch therapy DORZOLAMIDE + LATANOPROST, DORZOLAMIDE + BIMATOPROST IOP reduction 33.0% from baseline, POBF improved 36%, PA 22%, with added therapy NILVADIPIN 60 mgr + GINKGO BILOBA 150 mg, VISIONACE plus the hemodynamic parameters further improved.

http://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/fulltext/implication-of-intrinsic-intraocular-risk-factors-at-ocular-blood-flow-to-primary-glaucoma.ID.000105.php

http://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/pdf/TOOAJ.MS.ID.000105.pdf

Role of Communities to Prevent Corneal Blindness (TOOAJ)- Lupine Publishers

Role of Communities to Prevent Corneal Blindness by Tariq Masood in TOOAJ- Lupine Publishers 

The community needs to take appropriate actions itself, as well as actions by government and non-governmental organizations. Level-1 Prevention: Actions taken to prevent the onset of disease

b) Level-2 Prevention: Actions taken to prevent complications and the development of visual disability due to an existing disease. c) Level-3 Prevention: After the immediate resolution of the problem by surgery or other treatment, actions should be taken to reduce existing disability from disease complications right up to the point when some patient either seen by an eye care worker or admitted to hospital, the community should influence and trace out the ground reality or the actual reasons .An eye care worker must have little control over the following: a) The risk factors and immediate medical causes. b) The contributing and social factors.The community has the capacity to influence these factors, either through change in the behavior of individuals, or by bringing improvements at the community level. The eye care worker's role is very vital when they participating in programmes to reduce corneal blindness. Progressive and active campaign of community awareness will ultimately result to build up a role of active partner in the prevention of corneal blindness.

https://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/fulltext/role-of-communities-to-prevent-corneal-blindness.ID.000103.php

https://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/pdf/TOOAJ.MS.ID.000103.pdf

Drug Targets and its Delivery in Glaucoma -Current Trend and Future Prospects (TOOAJ)- Lupine Publishers

Drug Targets and its Delivery in Glaucoma -Current Trend and Future Prospects by Rahul Rama Hegde in TOOAJ- Lupine Publishers

Topical route of drug delivery always remained a route of choice for delivering all glaucoma medications rather than systemic route. Upon topical instillation drug reaches interior tissues of eye mainly through corneal route and route and therefore epithelial and stromal layer of the cornea act as barrier to transcorneal permeability of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs respectively. TTanscellular and Para cellular pathways are the two major corneal transportation routes for the topically applied drugs. Lipophillic drugs cross the cornea through transcellular pathway while the hydrophilic drugs cross through para cellular pathway. For treatment of glaucoma effective drugs are present mainly beta blockers, cholinergic agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, adrenergic agonists and prostaglandin derivatives but lack effective delivery system to improve patient care and clinical outcomes. Currently available drugs for ocular conditions need to be administered two or more i.e. multiple times a day, as well the poor patient adherence makes the treatment less clinically effective. Studies suggest that <1% of topically administered drug reaches aqueous humor. Up to 80% of systemic absorption of drug occurs followed by topical administration of eye drop causing systemic side effects.

http://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/fulltext/drug-targets-and-its-delivery-in-glaucoma-current-trend-and-future-prospects.ID.000102.php 

http://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/pdf/TOOAJ.MS.ID.000102.pdf

 

Ophthalmology and Ionizing Radiation (TOOAJ)- Lupine Publishers

Ophthalmology and Ionizing Radiation by Shravana Kumar Chinnikatti in TOOAJ- Lupine Publishers

Due to the sensitive nature and low radiation tolerance of eye and its contents radiation to eye is sparingly and selectively used. Delivering ionizing radiation to eye associated with complications, however the intraocular tumors are highly radiosensitive and radiation can be delivered both by external beam therapy and brachytheray. Due to recent advances in radiotherapy now particle beam therapy is preferred for best vision sparing therapy due its selective nature. External and brachytherapy can radiation used with intent of radiacal, adjuvant and palliative intent to most common intraocular tumors like retinoblastoma, choroidal melanoma and metastatic tumors. Brachytherapy rarely is used only in selective centers with high technical expertise due high professional exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiation plaques are used in brachytherapy and these are the preloaded sources kept near the tumors either temporarily or permanently. Brachytherapy most commonly used for choroid melanomas. Brachytherapy plaques come in different sizes and shapes or can be customized according to the needs.

http://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/fulltext/ophthalmology-and-Ionizing-radiation.ID.000101.php

http://www.lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/pdf/TOOAJ.MS.ID.000101.pdf